GovHack provides government at all levels with the ability to directly engage with a passionate hacker community to find creative and innovative mashups to defined (or not so defined) civic problems using government agency open data.
GovHack is a respected community event, run mostly by volunteers, we have established relationships with government agencies at Federal, State and Local levels across Australia and New Zealand coupled with strong ties to the ANZ developer communities and the technology and communications industries.
Our passionate and creative hackers showcase the potential of open data to help solve the challenges facing government and its citizens.
GovHack is an international competition for people of all abilities who seek to make communities better through open data.
Acknowledgment of Country
GovHack's volunteers and community work all around and on the lands that are now called Australia and New Zealand.
We acknowledge that sovereignty was never ceded and pay our respects to elders past and present across Australia and New Zealand.
Section 1
What is GovHack?
GovHack empowers communities all over Australia and New Zealand to experiment and tackle today's big policy and service delivery challenges with data.
We exist to:
connect community, government and industry to work together to grow data skills and build a
digitally capable and inclusive society;
showcase data as the tool to identify and address today's most pressing social, economic and
environmental challenges;
impress upon government the economic and social value of quality machine-readable, standardised
open data;
highlight how open government is strengthening our democracy by promoting transparency and
trust.
We value:
Inclusion — We're here for everyone! We believe that everyone
deserves to participate in our
digital future which is why GovHack is age-less, diverse, accessible, safe and secure.
Free — All our events, everywhere, for everyone.
Hackers-first — Our community is our priority. We work to
elevate the needs of our community and
members.
Regional — Opportunities shouldn't be limited to where you live.
We work to drive GovHack to
regional and rural regions.
Volunteer-driven — Passionate volunteers are the change makers
and life blood that makes GovHack
come alive.
Transparency — We believe in being accountable and open in all
that we do.
Open Access — We advocate for FAIR (findable, accessible,
interoperable and reusable) data to be
used in open ways, shared and adaptable for everyone.
GovHack is an annual 46 hour hackathon, a Festival of Ideas, using open government data to make our communities better places.
We do this by providing access to data and a space to connect with Government and organisations so you can workshop ideas around community challenges and imagine and develop concepts to drive meaningful change.
Across one weekend, thousands come together across Australia and New Zealand to form teams, agree to projects, and participate in what has become one of the world's premier open data competitions.
During the competition, teams create a proof of concept and a video that tells the story of how data can be reused, looking for new ways to solve challenges facing government.
Established in 2009 as a small Canberra-based event to showcase the opportunities of open government data, GovHack has grown into the largest open data hackathon in the Southern Hemisphere.
Section 2
What happened in 2022?
A snapshot of our 2022 statistics
525
404
147
participants completed their 2022 GovHack hackathon submission
participants compete for their first time in 2022
projects were completed over 46 hours
51
105
$61k
winning regional, national and international projects
runner up and honourable mentions (including multiple mentions)
in prizes awarded
You can see the full statistics of GovHack 2022 throughout our 2022 Year in Review.
Winning Projects from 2022
In 2022, events were again run in every state and territory in Australia as well as New Zealand. In summary, 2022 had:
525 participants (with final submissions)
147 projects
Award winning projects are described in detail on the GovHack hackerspace, this is our portal for all project challenges and events — including:
We saw over 51 winning entries and 105 runner up and honourable mentions across the regional, national and international award categories. A couple of our favourites included:
AquaDashby AquaDash (Digital QLD, Queensland) who won Digitising your drinking water (Unitywater); [RU] Reducing climate impact through sustainable energy behaviours (RAA); [RU] Integrate Disparate Data Sources like a Palantir Engineer (Palantir); and [HM] Moreton Bay greening as we grow (Moreton Bay Regional Council)
Dirty Wattsby Questionable Research Labs (Whangarei, New Zealand) who won Technology Literacy in a Digital First World (Infosys); and Best Creative Use of Data in Response to ESG (Trimble, Smart Christchurch, Questionable Research Lab, Media Design School, UC Centre for Entrepreneurship)
PolExby Apples (Canberra, Australian Capital Territory) who won Community wellbeing in the ACT (ACT Government); BIntegrate Disparate Data Sources like a Palantir Engineer (Palantir); and [RU] The 2021 Australian Census (Australian Bureau of Statistics)
Section 3
Who comes to GovHack?
There are several types of attendees and stakeholders involved to help teams create a memorable GovHack experience.
Hackers bring a diverse range of skills such as designing, developing, programming, storyboarding, marketing, visualisation, research, human behaviour, history, journalism, analysis, (to name just a few!), to the event to produce and present a 'proof of concept' during the main two days of the event.
To participate, hackers can be school age or retired, a psychologist or a coder, a historian or a journalist, a teacher or a researcher, a government or corporate employee, etc.
Not all hackers are super technical, but they are all creative, passionate and full of ideas.
Hackers can participate in their preferred location, and also digitally, from anywhere within Australia and New Zealand. This allows us to have participants from far reaching places where we don't have a physical presence. Participants can mix with their peers from anywhere across Australia and New Zealand.
Mentors include our Data Mentors who are custodians of government datasets, and our Technology Mentors who are either corporate technology sponsors or government technology experts. Both of these mentors assist teams to access and use the data and technology they need to create their projects.
Observers and VIPs are representatives from many sponsoring organisations, visiting Government Ministers and local MPs, kindred organisations who share the same passions, speakers and other organisations keen to see the GovHack experience.
Local Event Hosts, led by Region Leads, the Event Host, is tasked to keep the event running smoothly. They will be responsible for facilitating their local events to make the weekend a creative success.
GovHack is only possible with the contribution of countless passionate volunteers all across ANZ. Our team of organisers is passionately dedicated to GovHack and they're spread across both countries with many roles from our International Operations Team, Region Leads andtheir Regional teams to keep the local events connected and running smoothly.
Section 4
2023 Events
This year, GovHack will run several key opportunities for sponsors to engage in.
Sponsor Briefing Session
Early June
This event is will occur in two parts; the first a physical briefing session for Government agencies located in Canberra, and the second a digital briefing session for all sponsors. These briefings are an opportunity for GovHack Directors and the operations teams to introduce sponsors to the concept of GovHack, to provide an update for the year ahead, and to assist sponsors to understand how they can best engage with the event.
The briefing sessions include a Q&A session and workshops on challenge development, provision of data, and sponsorship opportunities.
Digital Conference
Early August
This will consist of a series of sessions over a one week period, hosting several technical conversations, data owner presentations and messages from our sponsors.
This provides sponsoring organisations the unique opportunity to showcase and discuss their datasets, their technology, etc to interested hackers across Australia and New Zealand.
It will also give novice hackers an opportunity to participate in or view recorded sessions at their leisure on topics such as pitch presentation, time management and decoding data.
This is a terrific way for hackers to gain a greater understanding and awareness of your selected datasets, allowing them to interact directly with your data experts.
Connection Events
June, July, August
These events give an opportunity for sponsors, mentors, and hackers to meet prior to the competition. Find out more about the hackathon, what kind of interesting datasets will be featured during the weekend and potentially hear some tidbits about the challenges.
Regional sponsors will have the opportunity to highlight key areas of interest during this event. This is a terrific way for hackers to gain a greater understanding and awareness of your selected datasets, allowing them to interact directly with your data experts. Hackers will also have an opportunity to meet other hackers and can potentially form teams prior to the competition.
Competition Weekend Events
18 — 20 August
The GovHack Competition Event is a two-day hack event held simultaneously around Australia and New Zealand, over a 46 hour period to create concepts, mashups and models with open government data, to examine the challenges facing government and communities in new and innovative ways.
At the end of the weekend teams submit their project including a project video, their open data story and project page for sponsors to judge.
Event Timeline — Local Timezone
Friday
5.30pm — Doors open for competitors
7.00pm — Challenges announced and competition begins
Saturday
Early — Teams lock in challenges to enter
Late — Concepts and prototypes developing
Sunday
Early — Continued work and refinement
3.00pm — Finalising entries
4.00pm — Submissions due and competition closes
4.00pm → 5.00pm — Project Presentations
Region Award Events
Late September — Early October
The GovHack Regions Awards take place during September/October after the GovHack competition weekend and after region level judging has been completed by all the region-level sponsors.
Region Sponsors will present the very best projects from their GovHack Region Competition with their awards. And teams can showcase their winning projects to all attendees.
Aotearoa New Zealand Awards Events
Early October
The GovHack Aotearoa New Zealand Awards take place during October after the GovHack competition weekend and after New Zealand judging has been completed by all the sponsors.
New Zealand Sponsors will present the very best projects from the GovHack Competition with their awards. And teams can showcase their winning projects to all attendees.
International Red Carpet Awards Event
Mid October
The GovHack International Red Carpet Awards event is the pinnacle night that showcases and celebrates the creativity and ingenuity of ANZ's most talented teams.
Projects from across Australia and New Zealand that entered the international and national competitions will have been judged and the finalists and winners selected.
The International Red Carpet Awards event has been held in a different Australian city each year, in 2016 it was in Adelaide, South Australia; in 2017 it was Brisbane, Queensland; in 2018 was in Sydney, New South Wales; in 2019 was in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; and in 2022 was in Melbourne, Victoria.
The 2023 Red Carpet Awards event will be held approx eight-to-ten weeks after the GovHack Competition Weekend and will showcase the outcomes and winners from the GovHack international and national competition entries.
Selected GovHack finalists from across ANZ receive a Golden Ticket which includes flights, accommodation and their ticket to this final event in the GovHack calendar.
Executives and representatives from International, National and host State Sponsors, Federal and State Ministers and representatives, and key host city organisations and VIPs are all invited to attend the Red Carpet Awards event, to meet the finalist teams, see the products of their weekends labour and sponsors will present the award to their winning team(s).
This is a showcase event in the international innovation calendar, providing an opportunity to mix with senior public officials, national finalists and volunteers.
The Red Carpet Awards will be held in October, and intentionally it will be a physical event, will it be in your City?
Section 5
The Themes of 2023
This year there are three (3) key themes, these reflect the key strategic areas that both government and organisations can manage their Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals.
How can open data contribute to addressing ESG goals in our post-pandemic ways of working?. In addition to these 3 key themes, sponsors can also select your own topic of interest that is relevant or particular to your organisation.
Environment
Technologies and enabling services are assisting our primary producers to understand the land and all its resources to make better decisions. How industries are contributing to climate change, managing biodiversity, resource utilisation and maintaining water security is the focus for this theme.
Climate change: This theme is looking for open data and challenges that can contribute to ideas and concepts on ocean pollution, sea levels, natural disaster, carbon emission, air quality management and all the factors that can contribute to climate change.
Renewable energy: How can open data be used to reduce the current fossil fuel use across industries? Challenges in this category will include how renewable energy can be used more efficiently, the usage of different types of renewable energy and industry participation in using renewable energy.
Sustainable resource management: Australia is at the leading edge in its approach to resource management, but we need to ensure those resources are sustainably managed for the future. Challenges under this category will try to solve the better use of water resources, waste management, energy usage and government asset utilisation.
Tim Bosc
Social
In the post-pandemic world, reshaping the health and wellbeing of the community has emerged as a new challenge for organisations and communities. As the workplace arrangement changed, the way we interact with people has been redefined and influenced by technology due to increasing remote work habits. The challenges in this category will focus on mental health issues, skills development, citizen privacy and data security, STEM education and community engagement.
Skills Development: Skills shortages in many sectors is a critical concern across Australia. Almost every industry is still struggling to get the required skilled workforce yet many people struggle to upskill themselves. Challenges in this category will look at redefining skills criteria, finding opportunities to upgrade skills, encouraging STEM education and ideas to address the skills shortages across industries.
Diversity and inclusion: Breaking the social and gender bias is one of the key challenges across the world. Race, gender and ethnic bias are very present, from conscious decision making to subconscious, social norms. This challenge will look at how to encourage women into STEM education, increase cultural diversity in the workplace and create social cultural awareness.
Health and Wellbeing: Reshaping health and wellbeing is one of the common challenges for the post pandemic world. This includes mental health, citizen facilities, vaccine roll out, pandemic response, the most vulnerable communities and ramping up emergency health services. Challenges across this category will uncover possibilities for the most alarming health challenges using available open data.
Fran Innocenti
Governance
Because of more digitally available services, more citizen data is now captured and maintained by organisations. This raises a number of challenges in establishing and maintaining public trust, privacy and security of personal data and developing data governance policy.
Data Governance: Establishing a data governance policy and the capability to maintain it securely is a significant challenge for organisations. The challenges in this category will focus on most of the common data governance mechanisms, data security, data privacy, management and architecture.
Better use of Data: Due to more digital participation, more data is now being collected, challenges for this category will focus on how the data can be utilised to provide more valuable citizen services.
Conny Schneider
Section 6
The Competition
GovHack is essentially one competition, but there are 3 levels of participation for hackers and sponsors, International, National and each of the Australian Regions (States & Territories).
Your challenge will draw entries from participants in these levels, depending on the level of sponsorship you select.
To explain further,
an International sponsor will draw entries from anywhere in Australia AND New Zealand AND present their winners at the International Red Carpet Awards;
a National sponsor will draw entries from Australia OR New Zealand and also present their winners at their respective National Awards event; and
a Region sponsor may draw entries from any State/Territory but can only present their award within their own Region.
As a Challenge Sponsor, your task will be to create one or more challenge(s) / problem statement(s) for one of the levels above aligned to one of our themes, or a particular topic of your interest.
Sponsors will be provided with a template, examples of successful challenges and our Competition team will be available to guide and assist you.
Section 7
Sponsoring GovHack 2023
GovHack is a community event, run primarily by volunteers across Australia & New Zealand, being free to attend, for everyone, everywhere and we rely on your support to make all that happen.
Sponsorship gives you an opportunity to test and try a particular tricky problem or idea that you or your organisation has been considering, investigating, pondering and procrastinating over. GovHack is a quick way to consider viability and gather a plethora of ideas that are typically not available in the ideation and concept phases.
As a Challenge Sponsor, you get the opportunity to judge all the entries in your category, and that's where you will find not just finalists and winners, but nuggets of information, seeds of thought, critical thinking, innovative ideas and quirky concepts to help you formulate the direction of your challenges and problems beyond GovHack.
Sponsoring GovHack aligns organisations with a respected community event which has established strong ties to Australian and New Zealand developer and creative communities. The hackers that take part in GovHack are often in demand as their skills become visible to sponsors and suitably tested! It's a great way to connect with and potentially recruit new critical thinkers, creative and technical skills.
All sponsors have the option to invite any GovHack team to submit formal quotes to undertake further work on the project they started during GovHack.
Section 8
Featured Datasets
As a sponsor and custodian of open datasets, you can submit a dataset(s) which will be featured to competitors. Multiple datasets from multiple sources can be used in entries.
By featuring your dataset, your data will rise to the top. As a sponsor you can shine some light on your data and encourage use in the competition by submitting featured datasets.
The dataset(s) featured must be in line with our open data principles and at a minimum must be:
Discoverable on an official government data portal OR equivalent open data portal
Open format
Openly licenced
You can check out the featured datasets from the 2022 competition on the 2022 Hackerspace.
Section 9
International Sponsorship Packages
Major International and National sponsorship provides participants across Australia and New Zealand an immersive experience, including the opportunity to attend the New Zealand National Awards event and the International Red Carpet Awards event.
Each country brings together all finalists to celebrate their creativity and ingenuity, and sponsors get to present the winning entries across both countries with their awards.
This means your sponsorship will reach a substantial audience and provide more opportunities to connect with even more talent.
The Lead Corporate International Sponsor is an exclusive one-only sponsorship for a non-Government organisation who is specifically interested in the Australian and New Zealand markets and in attracting teams from both Australia and New Zealand.
This package is available only via negotiation and is an exclusive opportunity for those organisations who are deeply involved and committed to the art of innovation, increasing digital skills development in ANZ, the benefits of open data collaboration and the critical thinking talent involved in ideation and problem solving.
This package include the option of hosting the sponsor briefing session at a location of your choice where you can meet and interact with fellow sponsors and the GovHack operations team.
International Red Carpet Sponsor
2
Challenges
to be negotiated
If you are interested in hosting the Red Carpet Awards in your Region and City, you will be afforded prime positioning at all levels of this celebratory, showcase event.
You will have the most prominent level of sponsorship at this event, be able to invite and host your VIPs, notaries, State and Local Government representatives, etc. for up to 20 of your guests. Your organisation will be a significant proponent of open data/technology and will provide the opening speech at the event and present the awards to your challenge winners and finalists.
Your organisation will be on-show as the co-host of the event and all promotional opportunities are afforded to you.
International Sponsor
1—2
Challenges
AUD$17,000 (ex GST)
NZD$18,600 (ex GST)
As an International Award Sponsor, you will be specifically interested in a challenge that is of common interest across both Australia and New Zealand and will attract teams from both Australia and New Zealand.
You will be involved in the art of innovation, increasing digital skills development in ANZ, the benefits of open data collaboration and the critical thinking talent involved in ideation and problem solving.
Your International challenge will be presented at the International Red Carpet Awards in Australia.
Section 10
Australian National Sponsorship Packages
Australian National sponsorship provides participants across Australia an immersive experience, including the opportunity to attend the national awards.
We bring together all finalists to celebrate their outstanding projects, and sponsors will present the winning entries with their National awards.
This means your sponsorship will reach a substantial audience and provide more opportunities to connect with even more talent.
This sponsorship opportunity is open to any Government or non-Government organisation who wants to be profiled in the National competition, with hackers from your country are able to choose your challenge.
These sponsorships may be related to one of the key themes, or they may also be relative to a completely different focus area.
You will be likewise be interested in the art of innovation, digital skills development in ANZ and the critical thinking talent involved in ideation and problem solving.
Section 11
Australian Region Sponsorship Packages
Region sponsorship helps to provide all participants in your state or territory with an immersive experience, including the opportunity to attend the online Digital Conference, Connections and Region Awards events, with a distinct focus on region-wide prizes and exposure.
Each Australian state and territory will have its own Region Awards Event which brings together all finalists in the region to celebrate their creativity and ingenuity, and where sponsors present the winning teams with their awards.
This means your sponsorship will reach a substantial audience and provide more opportunities to connect with even more region-based talent.
Your sponsorship will also directly assist selected National Competition finalists in your region. Selected finalists will represent their region and team, they will be flown interstate and provided with accommodation for the GovHack International Red Carpet Awards to be held intentionally in October 2023.
Additional options are available to be purchased to add to your package, e.g. additional region challenges, opportunity to speak at the digital conference, etc.
Premier Sponsor
3
Challenges
to be negotiated
These sponsors will be specifically interested in the development of their Region and developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem and will be a keen enthusiast of the national agenda of government open data.
Platinum Sponsor
3
Challenges
AUD$12,000—$15,000
(ex GST)
These organisations will have a particular interest in a particular Region and a potential focus on a single GovHack Event/location.
You may be a Government or non-Government organisation within a Region with a specific Region focus and have an interest in furthering the Regions entrepreneurial ecosystem, the value of government open data, digital skills development and community benefit.
Gold Sponsor
2
Challenges
AUD$5,000—$11,999
(ex GST)
These sponsors will have a particular interest in at least one Official GovHack event, (e.g. GovHack Brisbane, GovHack Melbourne). They will have a greater presence at the official event of their choosing and is designed to directly support your community to participate in GovHack.
Local Government, regional offices of large corporates and small to medium sized businesses often provide these levels of sponsorship as it demonstrates support for your local community.
Silver Sponsor
1
Challenge
AUD$2,500—$4,999
(ex GST)
These sponsors will have a particular interest in at least one Official GovHack event, (e.g. GovHack Brisbane, GovHack Darwin). They will have a greater presence at the official event of their choosing and is designed to directly support your community to participate in GovHack.
Local Government, regional offices of large corporates and small to medium sized businesses often provide these levels of sponsorship as it demonstrates support for your local community.
Event Partner
—
Challenge
In-kind
Event Partners will gain significant exposure by hosting and financing all aspects of their preferred local event, this includes in-kind provision of, or full financial support for, the local official event venue, all event catering, internet access costs, etc.
Event Partners can also contribute financially if they wish to also be a Challenge Sponsor for their Region. This is done by spoonsoring at a secondary level. The percentage that is allocated to award winners will be 60% of the sponsorship value as opposed to 40% where an event partnership is also taken.
Venue Partner
—
Challenge
In-kind
Venue Partners will gain exposure by hosting and financing all aspects of their preferred local event, this includes in-kind provision of, or full financial support for, the local official event venue, including internet access costs.
Catering Partner
—
Challenge
In-kind
Catering Partners will gain exposure by hosting and financing all aspects of their preferred local event, this includes in-kind provision of, or full financial support for, the local official event catering.
Section 12
Aotearoa New Zealand Sponsorship Packages
Aotearoa New Zealand National sponsorship provides participants across New Zealand an immersive experience, including the opportunity to attend the national awards.
We bring together all finalists to celebrate their outstanding projects, and sponsors will present the winning entries with their National awards.
This means your sponsorship will reach a substantial audience and provide more opportunities to connect with even more talent.
Additional options are available to be purchased to add to your package, e.g. additional region challenges, opportunity to speak at the digital conference, etc.
National Premier Sponsor
3
Challenges
to be negotiated
These sponsors will be specifically interested in the development of their New Zealand and developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem and will be a keen enthusiast of the national agenda of government open data.
National Platinum Sponsor
3
Challenges
NZD$12,000—$15,000
(ex GST)
These organisations will have a particular interest in a particular New Zealand and a potential focus on a single GovHack Event/location.
You may be a Government or non-Government organisation within New Zealand with a specific area focus and have an interest in furthering the areas entrepreneurial ecosystem, the value of government open data, digital skills development and community benefit.
National Gold Sponsor
2
Challenges
NZD$5,000—$11,999
(ex GST)
These sponsors will have a particular interest in at least one Official GovHack event, (e.g. GovHack Wellington, GovHack Auckland). They will have a greater presence at the official event of their choosing and is designed to directly support your community to participate in GovHack.
Local Government, regional offices of large corporates and small to medium sized businesses often provide these levels of sponsorship as it demonstrates support for your local community.
National Silver Sponsor
1
Challenge
NZD$2,500—$4,999
(ex GST)
These sponsors will have a particular interest in at least one Official GovHack event, (e.g. GovHack Wellington, GovHack Auckland). They will have a greater presence at the official event of their choosing and is designed to directly support your community to participate in GovHack.
Local Government, regional offices of large corporates and small to medium sized businesses often provide these levels of sponsorship as it demonstrates support for your local community.
Event Partner
—
Challenge
In-kind
Event Partners will gain significant exposure by hosting and financing all aspects of their preferred local event, this includes in-kind provision of, or full financial support for, the local official event venue, all event catering, internet access costs, etc.
Event Partners can also contribute financially if they wish to also be a Challenge Sponsor for their Region. This is done by spoonsoring at a secondary level. The percentage that is allocated to award winners will be 60% of the sponsorship value as opposed to 40% where an event partnership is also taken.
Venue Partner
—
Challenge
In-kind
Venue Partners will gain exposure by hosting and financing all aspects of their preferred local event, this includes in-kind provision of, or full financial support for, the local official event venue, including internet access costs.
Catering Partner
—
Challenge
In-kind
Catering Partners will gain exposure by hosting and financing all aspects of their preferred local event, this includes in-kind provision of, or full financial support for, the local official event catering.
Section 13
Prize Pool Allocation
Sponsors funding is divided between a total prize pool of 40% and 60% is allocated for operational costs. Operational costs include any catering and venue hire costs, wifi, and other event costs. They also contributes to many compliance and logistics costs including interstate/international transport and accommodation for Red Carpet Awards finalists and the necessary resources, management, and infrastructure for a nation of hackers and volunteers.
Prize pools for negotiated sponsorships are agreed separately and included in the sponsorship agreement.
Our focus is to ensure we provide a fully inclusive, fully funded free attendance at the local, state/territory and national events by covering all costs for everyone, as well as providing cash awards to winning teams.
Having winning and finalist teams attend the prestigious GovHack International Red Carpet Awards and represent their state/territory and country is the pinnacle of the GovHack experience for teams.
This is only made possible through the ongoing contribution and support of our innovative and outstanding sponsors and supporters.
A single sponsors prize pool will be allocated between a winning team and a number of runner ups for each sponsored challenge. Typically the winning team will receive $1,000—$2,000 (depending on total prize pool available) and the remaining pool will be distributed between the runner ups. The pool can be redistributed in cases of dual winners.
Section 14
Other Sponsor Options
Still don't see anything that suits you?
We can tailor other options to suit you specifically, here's some examples we can work with:
Can you host an event and the participants at your location?
Can you provide catering for our participants at a specific location?
Do you want to purchase additional challenges?
I want to sponsor but we don't want a challenge
I only want to have my data featured, no challenge
We would like to have some marketing and promotions only
